Cross-waivers stop claims between the launch provider, the customer, their contractors and the government. Lenders want them to flow down so no party can sue the borrower for a loss in launch.
Across the 3 regimes
ESA and EU
Contractual. Launch services agreements commonly include reciprocal waivers, flowed down to contractors. ESA contracts exclude consequential damages between the parties.
United States
Statutory: FAA licences require reciprocal waivers between the licensee, its contractors and customers, and the government. NASA launch agreements carry a regulatory cross-waiver.
UK and France
Contractual, in launch and hosting contracts. Neither the UK Acts nor the French LOS impose a statutory cross-waiver between commercial parties.
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Related
General information on public law and standard terms as at 28 Oct 2026, not legal advice on any contract or transaction. Quoted wording is checked against the official text linked to it.